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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection. But long   1   it became it, it was the custom in many countries to use it as a(n)  2   of respect. Some native Africans  3   the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the  4  times.

The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes  5   a form of dignified (高贵的) greeting. One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the  6  important ones had to kiss his hands, and the least important ones were  7  allowed to kiss his  8 !

It is quite probable that the kiss as a form of affection can be  9  back to primitive times when a mother would fondle (爱抚) her child, just as a mother  10  today. It only remained for society to  11  this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.

We have evidence that this was already the  12    by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume it was 13  long before that. The first   14   where the kiss became accepted in courtship (求婚) was France. When dancing became popular, almost every dance figure ended  15  a kiss. From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to  16  the customs of France, soon adopted it. A kiss from the Tsar (沙皇) became one of the highest forms of 17  from the Crown.

In time, the kiss became a part of courtship.  18   marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the  19  ceremony. Today we regard it as an expression of love and  20 . But there are still many places in the world where the kiss is part of formal ceremonies and is intended to show respect.

1. A. after  B. before  C. until  D. since

2. A. custom  B. tradition 

C. expression  D. affection

3. A. watch  B. touch  C. kiss  D. greet

4. A. earliest  B. latest  C. longest  D. eldest

5. A. of  B. as   C. for   D. in

6. A. not  B. little  C. less  D. least

7. A. too  B. also  C. only  D. ever

8. A. head  B. nose  C. foot   D. shoulder

9. A. traced B. dated  C. gone  D. found

10. A. produces B. makes  C. creates  D. does

11. A. express  B. allow  C. receive D. accept

12. A. case  B. event  C. history  D. evidence

13. A. existed  B. practised 

     C. kissed  D. discovered

14. A. city  B. tribe  C. society  D. country

15. A. by    B. without      C. in         D. with

16. A. allow  B. copy  C. spread  D. use

17. A. recognition   B. celebration   

C. congratulation   D. contribution

18. A. Since  B. Once  C. While  D. As

19. A. meeting B. greeting 

     C. funeral D. wedding

20. A. hatred B. tenderness 

     C. envy  D. carefulness

B

Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own.  1  the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no outstanding  2  of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was   3  , or by whom. But it began to be  4  in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to   5  music. In contrast to classical music, which   6  formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous（自发的） and free-form. It  7  the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz   8   like America, and   9  it does today.

The  10  of this music are as interesting as the music  11 . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz  12 . They were brought to Southern States as slaves. They were  13  to plantation owners and forced to work long  14 . When a Negro died, his friend and relatives 15  a procession （队列） to carry the body to the grave. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the  16 . On the way to the grave the band played slow, serious music suitable to the occasion.  17  on the way home the  18   changed.

Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their   19 , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 20  music. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.

1. A. By     B. At     C. In       D. On

2. A. music B. song   C. tune  D. style

3. A. discovered   B. acted      

    C. invented     D. designed

4. A. seen  B. found  C. listened D. heard

5. A. classicalB. sacred C. popular D. light

6. A. establishes  B. follows      

    C. approaches   D. introduces

7. A. expresses    B. explains      

   C. exposes      D. illustrates

8. A. appeared     B. looked      

   C. seemed       D. sounded

9. A. as  B. so  C. either  D. neither

10. A. origins  B. originals   

     C. ancestorsD. resources

11. A. concerned   B. itself      

     C. available    D. oneself

12. A. players B. followersC. fansD. pioneers

13. A. bought B. sold C. deliveredD. sent

14. A. monthsB. weeks C. hours  D. times

15. A. demonstrated   B. composed 

    C. hosted            D. formed

16. A. ceremony    B. procession    

     C. body         D. people

17. A. Even        B. Therefore     

     C. Furthermore  D. But

18. A. attitude    B. faces         

     C. ideas        D. mood

19. A. brothers    B. sisters       

    C. workmates    D. relatives

20. A. sad         B. serious       

C. happy        D. strange