阅读短文，根据所读内容在表格的空白处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词

Passage 1

The population of the United States is growing older and will continue to do so. According to a report, 39 million Americans will be 65 or older by the yew 2010, 51 million by 2020, and 65 million by 2030.

The "graying" of the United States is mainly due to the fact that people in the U. S. living longer. As a matter of fact, the number of U.S. citizens 85 years old and older is growing six times as fast as the rest of the population. It is also largely due to the old-growing of the "baby boomers," the generation born after World War II. In 1957, over 4.3 million babies were born. More than 75 million Americans were born between 1946 and 1964, the largest generation in U.S. history. In less than twenty pears, millions of them will become elderly people.

The "graying" of the U.S. will greatly affect the nation's family and workforce. One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit; it will move away from the nuclear family and towards a multigenerational family. The other likely development will be a change m the proportion (比例) of the nation's workforce. In 1989 there were 3.5 workers for every person 65 and older; by the year 2030, them will only be 2 workers for every person 65 and older.
Title 76.         

Numbers of citizens 65 or older 77               By 2020 By 2030
 39 million 51 million 65 million
78             79                
 Baby boomers’ old growing
80              81.              83.           -- multigenerational family
 
82.             
 84.         to citizens 65 or older
  85.           By 2030
  3.5:1 2:1

Passage 2

This year, about 2,300 teenagers from all over the world will spend about 10 months in US homes. At the same time about 1,300 American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and learn the rest of the world.
Here is a 2-way student exchange in action .Fred, 19, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.

Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived. But after 2 months of studying; the language became easy for him. School was completely different from what he had expected and it was much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took 14 subjects instead of 6 that were usually taken in the US.

Family life, too, was different. The father’s word was the law. All the activities were done with the family rather than individually .Fred found the food to be too simple at first. He also missed having a car.

“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out to have a good time .In Germany, you walk but you soon learn to like it .”
At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his own ideas. “I suppose I should criticize American schools” he says, “It is far too easy for our level but I have to say that I like it a lot In Germany, we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many other activities. I think that maybe American schools are better than in training their citizens. There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”

Differences between American school life and German school life
Items(项目) American students German students
Class rules They don’t have to stand up They have to _76_ and show respect to their  77 
78   life They do their own things individually. They have to listen to their  79
School  80   They have six which are very   81   to learn They have 14 which are much more difficult
Going out They can  82  cars They have to  83  all the way
School activities  They have  84  other activities They have to  85  hard all the time

Passage 3

Much of our good health depends on the cooperation between substances .When they work together, chemical reactions take place smoothly. Body systems are kept in balance .Some of the most important helpers in the job of good health are the substances we call vitamins.

Vitamin A is needed to produce a light-sensitive substance in the eyes. People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in the dark. The best source of vitamin A is fish liver oil. It also is found in the yellow part of eggs .In addition, squash, sweet potatoes, carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A.

Vitamin B-1 is also called thiamine. It changes starchy foods into energy. It also helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly. Without it, we would be weak and would not grow .Thiamine is found not just in whole grains like brown rice, but also in other foods. These include beans and peas, nuts and meat and fish.

Vitamin B-12 is needed so folic acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells. Without them ,a person suffers from anemia (贫血).Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods such as eggs, meat, fish and milk products.

Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood vessels. It also helps wounds heal quickly. The body stores very little vitamin C .So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.
Vitamins

kinds of vitamins functions 76            problems caused for lack of it
vitamin A  helping prevent poor  77 at night fish liver oil ,yellow part of eggs, darkly colored fruits and vegetables inability to 78  at night
vitamin B-1 helping the 79  system whole grains, beans, nuts, meat and fish  
81  and slow growth
 good for the 80 work of the heart and nervous system  
vitamin B-12  helping prevent a 82 called anemia 83 like eggs ,meat, fish and milk products anemia
vitamin C  a 84 for strong bones and teeth and healthy blood vessels Citrus fruits tomatoes and uncooked vegetables not 85

Passage 4

It is December thirty-first, 2004, the time when the old year dies and the New Year is born.

Many Americans have parties at home and invite all their friends .Many of these events are noisy。People shout and sing. They often blow on small noisemakers when the New Year arrives at midnight. They kiss their husband or wife or the person they are with. They dance to music. Other Americans spend a quiet evening at home .They drink Champagne at midnight to welcome the New Year.

Some people drink too much alcohol at New Year’s Eve celebrations .This can lead to tragic results if a person drinks too much and then drives a car. The National Safety Council says hundreds of people die in road accidents during the holiday.

In recent years ,the danger of accidents has resulted in a new tradition called the “designated driver” One person among a group of friends drinks little or no alcohol during New Year’s Eve celebrations. Then this designated driver can safely drive the other people home. Many American cities also offer free taxi service on New Year’s Eve to take people home safely.

Other Americans observe the coming of the New Year at events without alcohol .More than 220 American cities hold thesse First Night celebrations. Artists in Boston Massachusetts started the tradition of First Night celebrations. In 1976.They wanted to observe the coming of a New Year. But they did not want to hold noisy drinking parties. So they organized, music, art and other events to observe the holiday.

How Americans Observe New Year’s Day

Ways to celebrate Celebrations with alcohol Celebrations without alcohol
76_________ At home At theatres or 83_______

Activities Drinking parties with 78_______ 
Attending music 84______ or art 85____________
 Making very 79_________ 
 Kissing each other 
 Dancing to music 
Main problems  Many deaths on the road 80___________ drink-and-drive None
Ways 77__________ the problem Making arrangements for some people not  81_____ so as to drive others home safely 
None

82____ free taxi service to take people home safely 

Passage 5

Many people believe they are supposed to drink eight glasses of water a day, or about two liters. Why? Because that is what they have been told all their life .But a recent report offers some different advice .Experts suggest people should obey their bodies: they should drink as much water as they feel like drinking.

The report says most healthy people meet their daily needs for liquid by letting thirst be their guide. The report is from the Institute of Medicine, which provides scientific and technical advice to the government and the public. The report contains some general suggestions. It says women should get about 2.7liters of water daily and men about 3.7 liters. But wait –in each case, that is more than eight glasses.

There is one important difference .The report does not tell people how many glasses of are needed to meet these guidelines. This is because the daily water requirement can include the water content in foods.

As you might expect, the Instutute of Medicine says people need to drink more water when they are physically active. The same is true of those who live in ho climates. Depending on heat and activity, people could need twice as much water as others do.

All this, however, does not answer one question. No one seems sure why people have the idea that good health requires eight glasses of water daily. It may have started with a misunderstanding.

How much water should we drink every day belief or advice the 76_________ of water needed daily
77________ public belief men eight glasses of
water women 79_______ glasses of water

a  recent

78 ________report men 3.7 liter of water women 2.7 liter of water
 while doing hard 80_________or in the hot 81________
 men 7.4 liters of water women 82____liter of water
 generally 83_____ amount of water need daily
 as much as our bodies need ,84__________the water from other 85____________

Passage 6

We are going to describe one way to build a rooftop garden that does not even require soil. Four things are needed for a small rooftop garden. One thing is a roof that can support the weight ,Another is grass cutting .The third thing is a sheet of plastic in which to spread the cut grass. And the last thing is a box about eight centimeters deep and made out of four pieces of wood.
Once you are sure the roof is good, cut and collect some grass .Then lay down the plastic where the garden box will go .The four-sided box can be as long and as wide as needed. Place the box on top of the sheet of plastic .Then fill it with the cut grass. Next, add water and walk on the cuttings to press them down.
After about three weeks, the rooftop garden is ready for planting. Put the seeds directly into the wet grass cuttings .This garden is a good place to grow peas, tomatoes, beans, onions and lettuce. If the box is deep enough, potatoes and carrots will also grow.
It is important to keep the grass wet until the plants begin to grow. When the plants are growing, they will need watering every day, unless there is rain. And they will need some liquid fertilizer. Also, seeds and new plants must be protected from insects and birds.
Rooftop gardens are increasingly popular, and not just to grow vegetables. They keep buildings cooler in the sun, so they save energy. They can also extend the useful life of a roof. Rooftop gardens also reduce the runoff of storm water and help clean the air. Plus they add beauty, and give birds and insects in the city a nice place to live.
The building of a rooftop vegetable garden
things needed 76_________. requirements
a roof to 77_________ the weight 78 ____________and strong enough
grass cuttings to be used as 79_________. to be pressed down
a sheet of plastic to 80________ possible leaks(渗漏) on which to 81____   the cut grass
a 82__________box to hold the cut grass made of 4 pieces of wood
seeds for vegetables to be protected from 83______ and birds
84_________and fertilizer to make vegetables grow better supplied frequently and 85_______

key:

Passage 1

76 Graying US  77 By 2010  78 Causes/Reasons     79 Citizens’ living longer  

80 Effects/Results   81 family unit change   82 workforce          83 Nuclear family  84 Workers   85 In 1989

Passage 2

76 rise up/stand up   77 teachers    78 Family   79 fathers   80 subjects   81 easy

82 drive            83 walk      84 many     85 study

Passage 3

76 sources 77eyesight/sight 78 see well 79 digestive 80 smooth  81poor health 82 blood disease 83 natural foods 84 must /necessity 85 mentioned/told/said

Passage 4

76 places          77 to solve /of solving    78 friends    79 loud noises  80 caused by/resulted from 

81 to drink(wine/alcohol)   82 offering   83 museums   84 concerts    85 shows/exhibitions

Passage 5

76.amount          77. traditional    78. medical/science    79. eight       80. labor /work 

81. weather/climate  82. 5.4           83. suggested         84 .including   85. foods
Passage 6

76.aims/purpose   77.support    78.flat      79.soil     80.prevent 

81.spread        82.wooden    83.insects   84.water    85.properly/correctly