句子整体结构的重点问题 ——省略句
省略句是包含省略成分的句子。为了使表述简洁，在英语的实际表达中经常将英语句子中的某些部分省略掉，省略句在各题型中都得到了广泛运用。
考点100：省略句的基本情况总结
省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面：
1. 为避免重复而进行的省略。当一个句子中有两个或更多的相同的词、短语出现时，其中的第一个须保留，其余的往往省略，以避免重复、使句子简练。尤其要注意的情况是：当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时，往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一起省略。例如：
He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball. 他在打篮球时受了伤。
He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak. 他虽然身体还很虚弱，但他非常努力地工作。
2. 语法上允许的省略。有些成分的被省略是出于语法上的允许，以显得表述更为简明，例如：
He got up at six (o‘clock). 他六点钟起床。
He is twelve (years old). 他十二岁。
I walked (for) ten miles．我走了十英里路。
3. 习惯用法上允许的省略。有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，尤其是在口语中。例如在问句中be常常省略，有时连主语一起省略：
Very easy? 很简单吗？
Feeling unwell? 感觉不舒服吗？
又如由what、how或why开始的某些问句：
What (happened) next? 下面要发生什么？
Why not? 为什么不？
Why so? 为什么这样？
备考高考需要重点理解“为避免重复而进行的省略”这一情况。
[考题] ____ and I‘ll get the work finished. (2006重庆)
A. Have one more hour B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
[答案] B
[解析] 表示时间的名词one more hour在这里相当于祈使句”Give me one more hour.”、与and后面的陈述句并列，表示时间的名词经常可以以单独出现的省略形式表示一个祈使句的含义。
[考题1] — Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please?
— ____ (2005)
A. Who are you? B. I‘m Wang. C. Speaking. D. Are you John?
[答案] C
[解析] 在电话用语中，表示“我是……”通常用“This is 1 speaking”的形式，C选项属于与此对应的省略句的形式，A、B、D都不属于电话用语（电话中问“你是谁？”通常用“Is that 1 speaking/who‘s that?”的形式）。
[考题2] Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ____ to his old ways. (2000北京、安徽春)
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
[答案] A
[解析] 并列连词but在题干中连接两个并列的句子，其中后一个分句省略了与前一分句相同的主语Old McDonald，下划线处应填入与前一分句保持时态上一致的returned表示一般过去时。
[考题] After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod. (2006江西)
A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit
C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit
[答案] D
[解析] 表示他清醒之后回忆的过去发生的情况，应选用动名词的形式而不是不定式的形式，应先排除选项A和B；由于主语是被袭击、应表示出被动语态，应进一步排除C而选出D。D选项中的hit前省略了与其并列的宾语当中相同的“having been”。
[考题3] Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can‘t remember ____. (1998)
A. where B. there C. which D. that
[答案] C
[解析] 应选用which指代Oxford与Cambridge当中的某一个，which在本题中属于省略形式、对应于which city Dr. Black comes from。
[考题4] The police found that the house ____ and a lot of things ____.(1990)
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen
[答案] D
[解析] 主句谓语动词found后有两个并列的宾语从句，两个宾语从句中的主语the house和a lot of things都是物，两个宾语从句中的谓语动词都应采用过去完成时的被动语态形式表示在警方发现之前已经完成的被动的动作，四个选项中前半部分采用了过去完成时的被动语态形式的选项只有D，因此应选D。本题第二个下划线处采用了stolen的形式，这属于为避免重复而省略的形式，省略了与前一宾语从句相同的谓语中的助动词had been。
[考题5] One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ____. (2000北京、安徽春)
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
[答案] C
[解析] 特指木板的另一侧应使用定冠词the，因此首先要排除表示泛指意义的选项B和D；又因为A选项不能表示出与前面分句一致的被动的动作，因此要进一步排除选项A而选出C。本题下划线处采用了the other white的形式，这属于为避免重复而出现的省略句，其完整形式为“the other of the sides of the board should be painted white”。
[考题6] The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
[答案] D
[解析] once后省略了it（指前面刚被提及的the research） is，下划线表示一个“（研究）被开始、被启动”的被动的动作，应该采用过去分词的形式，因此本题选D。注意：本题题干中省略的it/the research is是顺承上文而自然进行的省略，被省略后仍可以很清楚地把握，而且使得整个句子更为简练。
[考题7] He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ____ a native speaker. (2004上海)
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
[答案] C
[解析] but在本题中作并列连词连接两个分句，后一分句属于省略句，后一分句中为了避免重复省略了主句中的主语he和比较状语从句中的谓语speaks English，由此可以看出题干中在对he和a native speaker说英语的程度进行比较。说英语的程度的比较应选用副词fluently，应首先排除选项A、B；much fluently than中than前面没有出现fluently的比较级的形式，应进一步排除选项D而选出C。
[考题] No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东)
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
[答案] A
[解析] 题干中让步状语从句的原型为no matter how frequently they are performed（无论这些作品是如何经常地被表演），其中的they are可以省略。
本章补充强化训练题
1. — Are there any English story books for us students in the library?
— There are only a few, ____.
A. if any B. if there C. if some D. if has
2. — Would you like to go with us?
— Yes, ____.
A. I‘d B. I‘d like C. I‘d like to D. I‘d like to do
3. — Would you like to have a try once again?
— ____.
A. Yes, I like B. No, I don’t like it
C. Yes, I want very much D. Yes, I’d like to
4. — What do you think made Mary so upset?
— ____ her bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
5. — When did they get down to the job?
— ____.
A. Until they left B. Till they arrived
C. Since they finished it D. Not until they turned to me
6. — Are you angry?
— Yes. He should at least answer when ____.
A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to
本章补充强化训练题参考答案
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.B