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[英语]高考专题讲解:when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法

when,where,why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:

1. 关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。例如:

I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。

Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown,is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。

2. 关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。例如:

This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。

She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居, 在那里她有几个密友。

3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如:

I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。

That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。

He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。

注意:关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联,两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:

1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,例如:

The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。

I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.

= I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.

我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。

This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.

= This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.

这是礼堂,医学会议将在此召开。

2. 并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句,若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时,需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如:

Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school?

你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗?

先行词the days表时间,但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语,因此不能用when而应该用which或that.

3. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when,where,why,且that常可以省略,例如:

This is the time(when/that)he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。

[考题1] We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003北京春)

A. which B. that C. whose D. when

[答案] D

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.

[考题2]The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (2001)

A. until    B. that    C. when    D. where

[答案]C

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.

[考题3]It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.(2000北京、安徽春)

A. that     B. while   C. which   D. when

[答案] D

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.

[考题4] After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. (1996)

A. which    B. where    C. that    D. when

[答案] B

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town,其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语,因此只能填入关系副词where.

[考题5]We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go. (2002北京)

A. what    B. which    C. where    D. when

[答案] C

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places,其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语,因此只能填入关系副词where.

[考题6]I walked in our garden,____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005辽宁)

A. which   B. when   C. where   D. that

[答案] C

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语,因此只能填入关系副词where.

[考题7] We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东)

A. where    B. that    C. when    D. which

[答案] A

[解析] point可以理解成地点、位置,其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语,因此下划线处只能填入引导词where。

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