语法填空题是高考题型中的基础性语法考查题型,该题型看似简单,但要想获得高分实属不易。考生们掌握好以下"五招",即可事半功倍,提高做题的正确率!
慎重定位考点
语法填空题大部分题目较容易确定考点,但是少数题目却较难,这些题在一定程度上拉开了考生的得分档次。因此,考生要根据题目设计类型(提示词填空和非提示词填空)及已经给出的其他信息快速确定设题者的命题意图及考查内容。一旦锁定考点,考生不但可以快速将思维和注意力集中到所考查的内容上,重点分析,针对性突破,而且可以省时省力,减少失误。
【样例】
1.Don?t stand there, boys! Please find some seats for (you).
答案 yourselves
分析 本题定位为考查"代词",用法并不难,难在不少考生把答案写作yourself, 而不是yourselves。究其原因, 考生忽略了关键词boys和seats,该题的意思是"男孩儿们,不要站在那里!请为你们自己找座位",因此,应填yourselves。
2.However, two days later, my uncle called again, (say) that they were not coming because he had to take a business trip to China.
答案 saying
分析 本题的难点在于将空处定位为与called并列的动作还是其伴随状语。分析句子结构可知,called是谓语动词,say仅是伴随动作,故答案是saying。
针对性作答
考生在根据"考什么就分析什么,见招拆招"的基本解题原则确定考点后,要由考点进行"发散思维式"理解和分析,减少冗余信息的干扰,深入分析考点的实质,层层"过滤"考点,使考点"显露原形",从而确定答案。
【样例】I have dreamed of becoming a writer since I was a teenager. But isn?t easy to get a book of mine (publish).
答案 it; published
分析 前一空处考查的是"it + is/was +形容词+to do sth."结构,it是形式主语。后一空处填published,考查的是"get sth.done"结构,sth.与done 是被动关系。
理顺句意
考生要顾及文章的构架及层次,以理顺"句意"为主,"完形"句子结构为辅,一旦句意理顺、正确,句子结构合理,答案就基本确定。
【样例】1.As people became comfortable with the song, the wise man started to dance the sweet and soft song.
答案 to
分析 根据设空处的设题特征应该填一个介词使dance和the sweet and soft song联系起来。此题很容易误用with,根据句意"当人们沉浸在音乐的韵律中时,这位智者随着优美的乐曲翩翩起舞"可知,应该用to。dance to意为"和着……的节拍跳舞",后跟sth.;而dance with sb.是"和某人跳舞"的意思。
2. (luck), she was badly hurt in a contest.
答案 Unluckily
分析 根据"she was badly hurt"可知,此处应用Unluckily作状语。
语法正确
不少题目在做好前三项工作后还需分析、判断语法是否正确无误(尤其是主谓一致、固定句型、省略、倒装、独立主格结构等)。如果句意合理,上下文逻辑无误,语法正确,即可快速锁定答案。
【样例】The teacher as well as the students (make)great preparations up to now.
答案 has made
分析 首先,分析句子结构可知,此句缺少谓语动词;其次,根据up to now可知,应用现在完成时;此处表示"做了很多准备",应用主动语态。但是还有一个关键的信息点"as well as",当as well as, besides, rather than, but, along with, together with, with, except, in addition to,
including等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数必须与前者保持一致。
核实无误
运用上述技巧确定答案后,为了确保万无一失,还要检查单词拼写是否存在错误、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词、可数名词的特殊复数形式等。
【样例】1.Although we might see the same faces every day, we (prefer)hiding behind our newspapers to talking to people around in the past few days.
答案 have preferred
分析 根据时间状语"in the past few days"可知,该空应用现在完成时,但别忽视了prefer的过去分词为preferred。
【拓展】不规则动词还有:blow(blew, blown);dig (dug, dug);hide(hid,hidden);forgive(forgave, forgiven);freeze(froze, frozen);spit(spat, spat);deal(dealt, dealt)等。
2.How then do we make sense of these (phenomenon)?
答案 phenomena
分析 由前面的these可知,此处应用复数名词。
【拓展】 考生要特别注意以下名词的特殊复数形式:analysis—analyses;shelf—shelves;crisis—crises; criterion—criteria;datum—data;medium—media;bacterium—bacteria;alga—algae;sheep—sheep