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提问:har0
级别:幼儿园
来自:四川省内江市

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回答数:1
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已解决的问题 句子分析,有部分纯语法问题. 1~10题
1.The woman that lives next door has two lovely dogs.

(为什么此处不可以用 which 呢?)



2.限用 whether 的条件?



3.should 作情态动词时,主要有哪些用法,哪些意义?



4.may, could, must 在情态上有什么区别?

eg:

--Where's Emma?

--I can't say for sure where she is, but she may be out shopping.

(A.can B.should C.must D.may)


5. Sadam has been in power for over ten years, during which Iraq has been at war all the time.

( during 表示在一个时间范围内, 此处为什么用现在完成时,而不用过去时表示时间段内的持续呢?)


6. He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

( he在此处泛指人,请问he在此处的用法?为什么可以泛指?)


7. You are the very boy for whom I'm looking.

( the very 在此处的意义和用法?)


8. He climbed up the top of the temple, from where he could see some things in the distance.

(我觉得这里应该用 which 指代 the top of the temple ,为啥用 where 啊?)


9. How did you find the dinner?

( how do you find.......是问意见的句式.

但是分析具体词语的话,理解成询问方式也不无不可,但是这个句子却不能这样理解. 难道说是因为 dinner 是抽象名词,不可以找吗?)


10.Treat others as you want to be treated.

(意思我懂. 能帮忙分析一下句子成分,层次,关系,句式之类的么...)
 提问时间:2010-08-19 14:57:31    评论举报
最佳答案此答案已被选择为最佳答案,但并不代表问吧支持或赞同其观点
回答:shaoyu1025
级别:三年级

2010-08-25 14:17:58
来自:浙江省杭州市
很高兴为你解答问题,希望你对学习越来越感兴趣!
1.The woman that lives next door has two lovely dogs.

(为什么此处不可以用 which 呢?)

形容人的用that\who,形容物的用which.
关系词that,which.who的用法、区别:)~
定义(Definition):在一个复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.这个被修饰的词就叫先行词引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as和关系副词where,when,why.

1 由关系代词引导的定语从句
A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)
that 指物 The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (作宾语)

总结:(1)当that和which作主语时不能省略;作宾语时,在非正式文体中通常可以省略;whom也可以省略,但当whom位于介词后面时,不能省略.注意:在定语从句中,有的成分可以省略,但是主句中的先行词一定不能省略,如果一个定语从句在主句中缺少先行词,则一定要补上先行词.

(2) 关系代词whom, which (没有that) 在从句中作宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,构成介词+关系代词 引导定语从句,也可放在从句中相关动词的后面(含介词的动词短语).如:The man to whom you talked is a famous runner. = The man (whom) you talked to is a famous runner. 但是有的含有介词的动词短语一般不宜拆开(因为只有当它们连在一起的时候才有意思,拆开后意思就变了.

(3)引导词只能用that的情况
* 先行词既有人又有物时,要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
* who或者which开头的疑问句中,若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时,要用that引导定语从句而不用who和which.Who is the girl that is singing in the hall (避免重复)
* 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which. There is a park (that) we often visit on Sundays.
* 当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时,关系代词一般只能用that.My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago.
(4) 引导词不能用that 的情况
* 非限制性定语从句中不能用that.
* 介词后不能用that.
* 当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句而不用that. Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.
* 先行词本身是that时,一般用which引导定语从句,以避免重复.The predicate is that which is said of the subject.

2.限用 whether 的条件?

whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。
但是他们的用法还是有所不同, whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。
eg:Let me know whether you can come or not.
Let me know if you can come.
其次,当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。
eg:Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
还有就是whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。
eg: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse。
再有, whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。
eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.这个地方用if就错了。
最后,whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。
eg:We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.

3.should 作情态动词时,主要有哪些用法,哪些意义?

1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如: You should go to class right away. Should I open the window? Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子: ① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。 ② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。 ③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。 ④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。 从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。 Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如: ⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。 ⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。 ⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来。 此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如: ⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚? ⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里? — How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢? ⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。 2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如: She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could. You should have started earlier.

4.may, could, must 在情态上有什么区别?

eg:

--Where's Emma?

--I can't say for sure where she is, but she may be out shopping.

(A.can B.should C.must D.may)

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语

一、 can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,

might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?



二、 may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t

或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

1.He may /might be very busy now.

2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.



三、 must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.



四、 dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1.You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.



五、 shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

3. He shall be punished.(威胁)



六、 will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.



七、 should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)



八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

He should have finished the work by now。

表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

He will have arrived by now.
5. Sadam has been in power for over ten years, during which Iraq has been at war all the time.

( during 表示在一个时间范围内, 此处为什么用现在完成时,而不用过去时表示时间段内的持续呢?)

过去式不表示时间的持续,一般用某个时间点作为提示。从句子含义上去理解。此处注意all the time,用过去式不如用完成时。

6. He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

( he在此处泛指人,请问he在此处的用法?为什么可以泛指?)

网上说he不可以泛指人,我觉得最好用a person之类的,但是仅从据以去理解也说得通:他如果没有去过长城就不能说是个好汉。意译过来才是我们所说的俗语,这个在名人名言中可能会经常用到但是可能更我们平时说的泛指有一定的区别。

7. You are the very boy for whom I'm looking.

( the very 在此处的意义和用法?)
例句:This is the very thing I want.
这正是我想要的同一东西。
换种说法就是you are the boy for whom I’m looking for exactly.


8. He climbed up the top of the temple, from where he could see some things in the distance.

(我觉得这里应该用 which 指代 the top of the temple ,为啥用 where 啊?)

这里强调一个地点,从那个地方,而不是从那个塔(物)。用英文思维再想想看吧,给你些参考意见。
第一,定语从句中有“介词+关系代词whom(指人)/which(指物)”的结构用法,一般不会使用关系副词,但是where在与from搭配时是一个例外,需要特别记住。
第二,事实上,英语中最常见的是“介词+名词/代词”构成介宾短语/介词词组,但也经常出现“介词+介词词组”或“介词+副词”的现象,如:
He did not tell me the news [until after then].
I heard a sound from behind (the door).
此题出现的就是这种语法现象。


9. How did you find the dinner?

( how do you find.......是问意见的句式.

但是分析具体词语的话,理解成询问方式也不无不可,但是这个句子却不能这样理解. 难道说是因为 dinner 是抽象名词,不可以找吗?)

find vt. 发现;认为(=feel);感到;获得
我找了一下没找到确切语法,不过我们老师曾经说过一个区分点。一般来说,how do you …表示你怎么看,how did you …表示你怎么做的。因为用过去式问话者一般不可能表示你过去怎么认为,而是问你过去怎么做成的。

10.Treat others as you want to be treated.

(意思我懂. 能帮忙分析一下句子成分,层次,关系,句式之类的么...)
我来告诉你怎么写类似的句子:
首先分析一下成分:Treat others\ as \you want to be treated.
第一个是一个祈使句,用动词原型开头。
As prep. 当作;以…的身份;如同,后接了一个句子,但此处不能再加that
最后一个是一个被动句。


该回答在2010-08-25 14:18:31由回答者修改过

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非常感谢!! 很详尽的答案,可以见得非常用心,谢谢交流!!
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